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Taxonomic Information on Cultivated Plants in GRIN-Global




Literature References

For ease of computerization, 3,218 literature abbreviations have thus far been developed in GRIN-Global for standard references, floras, and serial publications commonly seen in the database. These are only cursorily displayed to public users of GRIN-Global, although for brevity they have been used in publications such as Technical Bulletins 1757 and 1796. They are employed for the 451,364 literature citations in GRIN that link to 61,097 accepted and 37,667 synonym species or infraspecies names. An additional 0 references exist in GRIN-Global for genera, these mainly documenting recent taxonomic revisions or monographs of all or part of a genus or recent phylogenetic studies. Though the number of references presented for a given taxon may be extensive, the listings should not be considered exhaustive. If all reported information (taxonomy, nomenclature, distribution, etc.) is documented in a few references, these might be the only ones cited. Other references may treat the taxon, but add no new information, so these may not be entered in GRIN-Global. This is particularly true for genera with recent comprehensive monographic treatments that are the source of most GRIN-Global taxonomic data for those genera. Other references may be included only to document alternative taxonomic treatments, orthographies, or authorship for a name. Generally these alternatives will be indicated with comments following the reference citation. The absence of a comment can usually be taken to imply correspondence in treatment between GRIN-Global Taxonomy and the particular reference.



NGP National GeneBank of Pakistan Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from Pakistan’s National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) active collection sites. The NPGS Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary..

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with Pakistan Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.